The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established in 1944 to promote international monetary cooperation and financial stability. Its primary role is to provide financial assistance to member countries facing balance of payments crises, typically through loans and policy advice. The IMF also monitors global economic trends and provides economic analysis to help countries implement sound economic policies.With 190 member countries, the IMF is based in Washington, D.C., and works closely with other international organizations like the World Bank to address issues such as poverty, debt sustainability, and financial crises.

In addition to its lending programs, the IMF provides technical assistance and capacity-building to help countries strengthen their economic institutions. While the IMF has faced criticism for its handling of certain economic crises and its governance structure, it remains a key institution in the global financial system, especially in times of economic instability.